Sports fans dread the words, ‘thoracic outlet syndrome.’ Victor Wembanyama and Zack Wheeler lost their seasons to the disease. TOS strikes athletes at all levels, but not all athletes with TOS are treated with surgery. Fortunately, athletes can recover from TOS with a well-designed and carefully supervised exercise program.

When patients leave Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis after Dr. Robert Thompson, a vascular surgeon, has removed their first rib as part of thoracic outlet decompression surgery, they